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Mathematics - Grade 2
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In Grade 2, instructional time should focus on four critical
areas:
. Extending understanding of base-ten notation.
. Building fluency with addition and subtraction.
. Using standard units of measure.
. Describing and analyzing shapes.
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. Students extend their understanding
of the base-ten system. This includes ideas of counting in fives, tens, and multiples
of hundreds, tens, and ones, as well as number relationships involving these units,
including comparing. Students understand multi-digit numbers (up to 1000) written
in base-ten notation, recognizing that the digits in each place represent amounts
of thousands, hundreds, tens, or ones (e.g., 853 is 8 hundreds + 5 tens + 3 ones).
. Students use their understanding
of addition to develop fluency with addition and subtraction within 100. They solve
problems within 1000 by applying their understanding of models for addition and
subtraction, and they develop, discuss, and use efficient, accurate, and generalizable
methods to compute sums and differences of whole numbers in base-ten notation, using
their understanding of place value and the properties of operations. They select
and accurately apply methods that are appropriate for the context and the numbers
involved to mentally calculate sums and differences for numbers with only tens or
only hundreds.
. Students recognize the need
for standard units of measure (centimeter and inch) and they use rulers and other
measurement tools with the understanding that linear measure involves an iteration
of units. They recognize that the smaller the unit, the more iterations they need
to cover a given length.
. Students describe and analyze
shapes by examining their sides and angles. Students investigate, describe, and
reason about decomposing and combining shapes to make other shapes. Through building,
drawing, and analyzing two- and three-dimensional shapes, students develop a foundation
for understanding area, volume, congruence, similarity, and symmetry in later grades.
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