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Mathematics - Grade 4
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In Grade 4, instructional time should focus on three critical
areas:
. developing understanding and
fluency with multi-digit multiplication, and developing understanding of dividing
to find quotients involving multi-digit dividends;
. developing an understanding of fraction equivalence,
addition and subtraction of fractions with like denominators, and multiplication
of fractions by whole numbers;
. understanding that geometric figures can be analyzed
and classified based on their properties, such as having parallel sides, perpendicular
sides, particular angle measures, and symmetry.
. Students generalize their understanding
of place value to 1,000,000, understanding the relative sizes of numbers in each
place. They apply their understanding of models for multiplication (equal-sized
groups, arrays, area models), place value, and properties of operations, in particular
the distributive property, as they develop, discuss, and use efficient, accurate,
and generalizable methods to compute products of multi-digit whole numbers. Depending
on the numbers and the context, they select and accurately apply appropriate methods
to estimate or mentally calculate products. They develop fluency with efficient
procedures for multiplying whole numbers; understand and explain why the procedures
work based on place value and properties of operations; and use them to solve problems.
Students apply their understanding of models for division, place value, properties
of operations, and the relationship of division to multiplication as they develop,
discuss, and use efficient, accurate, and generalizable procedures to find quotients
involving multi-digit dividends. They select and accurately apply appropriate methods
to estimate and mentally calculate quotients, and interpret remainders based upon
the context.
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. Students develop understanding
of fraction equivalence and operations with fractions. They recognize that two different
fractions can be equal (e.g., 15/9 = 5/3), and they develop methods for generating
and recognizing equivalent fractions. Students extend previous understandings about
how fractions are built from unit fractions, composing fractions from unit fractions,
decomposing fractions into unit fractions, and using the meaning of fractions and
the meaning of multiplication to multiply a fraction by a whole number.
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. Students describe, analyze,
compare, and classify two-dimensional shapes. Through building, drawing, and analyzing
two-dimensional shapes, students deepen their understanding of properties of two-dimensional
objects and the use of them to solve problems involving symmetry. Common Core State
Standards for MATHEMATICS.
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