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Mathematics - Kindergarten
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In Kindergarten, instructional time should focus on two critical
areas:
. Representing, relating, and operating on whole
numbers, initially with sets of objects;
. Describing shapes and space.More learning time
in Kindergarten should be devoted to number than to other topics.
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Students use numbers, including
written numerals, to represent quantities and to solve quantitative problems, such
as counting objects in a set; counting out a given number of objects; comparing
sets or numerals; and modeling simple joining and separating situations with sets
of objects, or eventually with equations such as 5 + 2 = 7 and 7 – 2 = 5. (Kindergarten
students should see addition and subtraction equations, and student writing of equations
in kindergarten is encouraged, but it is not required.) Students choose, combine,
and apply effective strategies for answering quantitative questions, including quickly
recognizing the cardinalities of small sets of objects, counting and producing sets
of given sizes, counting the number of objects in combined sets, or counting the
number of objects that remain in a set after some are taken away.
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. Students describe their physical
world using geometric ideas (e.g., shape, orientation, spatial relations) and vocabulary.
They identify, name, and describe basic two-dimensional shapes, such as squares,
triangles, circles, rectangles, and hexagons, presented in a variety of ways (e.g.,
with different sizes and orientations), as well as three-dimensional shapes such
as cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres. They use basic shapes and spatial reasoning
to model objects in their environment and to construct more complex shapes.
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